Species Profile
Species Library

Swordtail

Accuracy: Verified
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This profile has completed research review. Source-backed care information is shown below. Final publication checks are still pending.
Species profile

Swordtail

Xiphophorus hellerii
Peaceful Easy care 120 L minimum aquarium 8–14 cm adult size Top mid Minimum group: 4

About this species

General notes for hobby use.

Large, active livebearer that needs much more swimming length than a platy or guppy. Cooler, well-oxygenated hard water suits the species well.

Water parameters

Suggested general range for long-term care.

Temperature 15–28 °C
pH 7–8
GH 8–20 dGH
KH Not yet documented
Flow preference Moderate–high
Data confidence Verified

Behaviour

General behaviour traits used by TanksConnected compatibility checks.

Minimum group size Minimum group: 4
Tank zone Top mid
Territory level Low
Predation risk Fry
Bioload factor 1.2
Males can compete strongly. In smaller setups keep one male with several females; larger groups need enough males and females to diffuse rivalry. Use a tight lid.

Compatibility flags

Quick cautions for common tank-planning issues.

Fin nipper No
Plant safe Yes
Shrimp safe No / caution
Snail safe Yes
Cave breeder No
Digs substrate No
Jump risk Yes

Natural history & care

Research-backed context for long-term aquarium care.

Lifespan Not yet documented
Diet type Omnivore
Minimum aquarium volume 120 L
Minimum footprint 90 × 35 cm
Accepted scientific name Xiphophorus hellerii
Alternative names Green Swordtail
Native range
Atlantic-slope Central American drainages, principally Mexico through Guatemala and adjoining regions.
Natural habitat
Occurs in rivers, streams and other flowing waters. Open swimming space, plants along the margins and good oxygenation are appropriate.
Diet & feeding
Feed quality omnivore/livebearer foods with plant matter and small frozen/live foods.

Breeding & sexing

Research-backed guidance for identifying sexes and reproductive behaviour.

Sexing
Males possess a gonopodium and the characteristic elongated lower caudal-fin sword; females lack the sword and are usually larger-bodied.
Breeding
Livebearer. Gestation is roughly four weeks and females can produce substantial broods; adults may eat fry.