Species Profile
Species Library

Freshwater Archerfish

Accuracy: Verified
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This profile has completed research review. Source-backed care information is shown below. Final publication checks are still pending.
Species profile

Freshwater Archerfish

Toxotes microlepis
Semi aggressive Hard care 300 L minimum aquarium 15–20 cm adult size Top Minimum group: 5

About this species

General notes for hobby use.

Smallscale/Freshwater Archerfish (Toxotes microlepis). Current taxonomic databases retain the species as valid. Historic aquarium identifications can include related archerfish, so provenance still matters where species-level certainty is important.

Water parameters

Suggested general range for long-term care.

Temperature 24–28 °C
pH 6.5–8
GH 5–20 dGH
KH Not yet documented
Flow preference Low–moderate
Data confidence Verified

Behaviour

General behaviour traits used by TanksConnected compatibility checks.

Minimum group size Minimum group: 5
Tank zone Top
Territory level Moderate
Predation risk Small fish
Bioload factor 3
Surface predator that targets insects above the water and may take smaller fish. Requires substantial open surface area and a secure cover.

Compatibility flags

Quick cautions for common tank-planning issues.

Fin nipper No
Plant safe Yes
Shrimp safe No / caution
Snail safe Yes
Cave breeder No
Digs substrate No
Jump risk Yes

Natural history & care

Research-backed context for long-term aquarium care.

Lifespan 8–12 years
Diet type Carnivore
Minimum aquarium volume 300 L
Minimum footprint 120 × 50 cm
Accepted scientific name Toxotes microlepis
Alternative names Smallscale Archerfish, Freshwater Archerfish, Toxotes microlepis
Native range
Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Natural habitat
Large rivers and the margins of flowing or standing waters with overhanging vegetation; current FishBase records both freshwater and brackish occurrence and notes that this species is commonly found well upstream from estuaries.
Diet & feeding
Surface-oriented insectivore/predator. Offer insects, crustaceans and suitable meaty prepared/frozen foods; small fish can be taken.

Breeding & sexing

Research-backed guidance for identifying sexes and reproductive behaviour.

Sexing
No dependable routine external sexing method is established for aquarium specimens.
Breeding
Reliable species-specific captive breeding guidance is limited; do not import a generic breeding claim while the trade identity remains unresolved.