Species profile
Pearl Cichlid
Geophagus brasiliensis
Aggressive
Moderate care
450 L minimum aquarium
20–30 cm adult size
Bottom–mid
Can be kept singly
About this species
General notes for hobby use.
More robust and territorial than the typical peaceful 'Geophagus' stereotype. Housing should be based on adult aggression and digging behaviour.
Water parameters
Suggested general range for long-term care.
Temperature
20–28 °C
pH
6–8
GH
4–20 dGH
KH
Not yet documented
Flow preference
Low–moderate
Data confidence
Verified
Behaviour
General behaviour traits used by TanksConnected compatibility checks.
Minimum group size
Can be kept singly
Tank zone
Bottom–mid
Territory level
High
Predation risk
Small fish
Bioload factor
4
Can be highly territorial, especially as a bonded pair. Avoid small fish and do not assume compatibility with gentler South American eartheaters.
Compatibility flags
Quick cautions for common tank-planning issues.
Fin nipper
No
Plant safe
Caution
Shrimp safe
No / caution
Snail safe
Yes
Cave breeder
No
Digs substrate
Yes
Jump risk
Low
Natural history & care
Research-backed context for long-term aquarium care.
Lifespan
8–12 years
Diet type
Omnivore
Minimum aquarium volume
450 L
Minimum footprint
150 × 60 cm
Accepted scientific name
Geophagus brasiliensis
Alternative names
Pearl Cichlid, Pearl Eartheater
Native range
Eastern and southern South America, principally Brazil and adjacent Uruguay.
Natural habitat
Rivers, lagoons and coastal drainages over sand/mud. In captivity use deep fine sand, robust filtration and sturdy decor; rooted plants are likely to be excavated.
Diet & feeding
Opportunistic benthic omnivore. Use quality cichlid pellets with crustacean/insect foods and plant matter, allowing natural sand-sifting rather than feeding only large floating foods.
Breeding & sexing
Research-backed guidance for identifying sexes and reproductive behaviour.
Sexing
Mature males are usually larger, more strongly coloured and may develop elongated fin extensions/nuchal profile; females are smaller and fuller when gravid.
Breeding
Biparental substrate spawner. A pair cleans a rock or excavated site and aggressively guards eggs and fry.